Rup vs Scrum Free Essays

Significant contrasts among RUP and SCRUM Rup and Scrum both give direction on programming advancement groups in an iterative manner. A conspicuous contrast among the previously mentioned systems is that in RUP the primary thing that the advancement group researches is if the venture worth contributing. They gauge the costs, potential benefits and characterize the Business Case, which is rethought during ventures lifecycle. We will compose a custom paper test on Rup versus Scrum or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Scrum expect that from the time the client needs this item, at that point it ought to be finished. It center for the most part around how to sort out the turn of events and accomplish the most ideal quality. We can in any case make a completely impeccable item in regards to its highlights, its inside quality and engineering, yet on the off chance that there is no space for it in the market it has no business esteem. Moreover, it is entirely certain that Scrum is for the most part centered around everyday assignments conversely with RUP which approach the venture all in all from the earliest starting point. Scrum utilizes an accumulation where all the alluring highlights are assembled after a few conversations and conceptualizing with the Product Owner. This methodology occurs before each Sprint and characterizes the following Spring build-up. Scrum is for the most part worried about group the board and a smidgen with necessities. Thus, there is no longterm venture extension and estimations for venture length and expenses are troublesome. Scrum doesn't say much regarding discharges or a task all in all. Its fundamental concern are the current and the following Sprints. Then again, RUP approach has an away from meaning of extension and significant venture cutoff times are related with explicit dates. In RUP the undertaking lifecycle is separated into 4 fundamental stages. These are the Inception, elaboration, Construction and Transition stage. Prerequisites are pre-characterized interestingly with Scrum, anyway they are called Vision. In spite of the way that the supposed Vision, demands meaning of prerequisites, RUP remains completely mindful of their developing nature and can change them whenever. Since the entirety of the above articulations, RUP’s documentation is overwhelming contrasted with Scrums. One more distinction between the two systems is that undertaking highlights are organized in Scrum as per Products Owner and Scrums group judgment. Consequently, the arranging is basically situated in this prioritization. Interestingly, emphasis arranging in RUP is additionally founded on hazard notwithstanding need. Ultimately, the proper profile of RUP make it appropriate for huge tasks which are tight on cutoff times. Then again Scrum is progressively reasonable for little and medium estimated ventures , in spite of the fact that it very well may be applied on bigger undertakings too. The formalistic idea of RUP alludes to the engineers as â€Å"workers† in its proclamation. Scrums proclamation alludes to them as colleagues and advances a more group situated condition. We could state that RUP is progressively bureaucratic and SCRUM is increasingly popularity based. Step by step instructions to refer to Rup versus Scrum, Papers

Information Flow Free Essays

There are numerous components that guide an association in being fruitful, anyway one of the key components is Information stream. In my Journal Entry I will portray the degrees of correspondence, both great and awful, that are found inside Johnson Matthey, my present business. I will talk about the three principle administrative methodologies inside my organization that I have watched, and the three potential correspondence obstructions also. We will compose a custom article test on Data Flow or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The intrapersonal, relational, gathering, authoritative and intercultural levels of correspondences are all in plain view among the collaborators of Johnson Matthey. There are numerous levels inside the central command, situated in Wayne, PA. They are for the most part giving a similar item to the Oil and Gas Industry. Each level contains up to 45 workers relying upon the office. Relational correspondence is constantly directed inside each gathering with the goal that nothing ever becomes lost despite a general sense of vigilance. People are continually speaking with themselves because of the steady changes in materials required, which expects them to have the option to adjust to change rapidly. The workforce here is to a great extent assorted, for the most part all men with degrees in The Sciences, however different foundations and instructive levels. We as a whole work in gatherings, every division is attached to the following, in this manner requiring tight nit and close correspondence. Each office is basically similar to its own â€Å"clique†, everybody discusses the following office, and it’s sort of like noon in the cafeteria during secondary school. Contingent upon your area of expertise you can be taken a gander at as a companion or an adversary, unfortunately in my profession, it’s elusive individuals who bolster you and back you up except if they are in your specialization. The lady here are extremely envious of one another, they don’t like to be eclipsed, particularly by beginners or those of us who are more youthful. This sort of conduct can put a significant scratch on relational abilities. For the most part to demonstrate hatred for somebody, yet that’s still not a mindful method to deal with any circumstance. Data ventures by and large one way from our client (different Oil and Gas customers) to us. There are events when we have a little state so in the genuine item yet generally it is an uneven show. We have our Regional Manager Andrew, our Offshore Manager Jim and our Operations Manager Roy. The manner in which it begins is, the activity comes into Andy, he decides whether it is an Onshore or Offshore undertaking. On the off chance that it is resolved to be seaward, it goes to Jim, he works out the schematics of faculty with Chris and myself. Any spending questions, hardware needs and so on must be cleared by me and afterward run over by Roy for definite endorsement. The channel utilized is by and large email from the customer to one of the site directors. The input comes once the work is finished and as long as we get a first class report, at that point we get a decent â€Å"pat on the back† from upper administration, and we proceed onward to the following undertaking. The elements of Y Hierarchy of administrative correspondences do exist inside this association. Our director is constantly making and empowering a superb workplace and giving chances to representatives to step up to the plate and self-course. The board is continually searching for new ways for representatives to make noteworthy commitments inside the association. Social, strengthening, and possibility are the three administrative correspondence moves toward that I include saw inside the association that I presently work for. Strengthening is the dispersion or entrustment of intensity or position to his or hers subordinates inside an association. By and large utilized when upper administration is jobless for certain measure of time. Strengthening likewise urges the workers to get increasingly associated with the association. The possibility approach is seen a ton in our office. Our Operations Manager realizes that there is more than one approach to get a â€Å"A+† on our work, and whichever way delivers the best outcome with minimal measure of cash and time spent, is commonly the way that is taken. This is presumably the methodology seen for the most part around the Johnson Matthey association due to the outcomes that are delivered. Social methodology accompanies trust and one’s individual character. Chiefs have been seen trusting and regarding the representatives more now than any time in recent memory due the creation that every office has put out for our customers. Character, enthusiastic, and physical are the three potential hindrances to powerful correspondence inside Johnson Matthey, however most associations. Everybody here has their own character and that can now and again make an issue all through the business day. People are stacked with numerous characteristics that make individual mentalities, approaches, edges, peculiarities and various perspectives on the world, and how to deal with different circumstances. There are numerous events wherein this quality has slowed down correspondence between two people and for some situation hurt the general employment being finished. Enthusiastic obstructions can by a long shot be the most exceedingly awful thing out there, as far as correspondence in an organization. There are numerous people in my association that let things go directly to their heads and overlook that we are at the working environment. Feelings ought not be carried to work with you by any means, you ought to have the option to forget about things and proceed onward with the activity. Particularly close to home clashes and individual issues. Your office and your associates are not the spot to manage those sorts of things. Directors are frequently observed utilizing a milder touch to break through to the people with intense subject matters. Physical hindrances are one of the most widely recognized around my office however. There are numerous events that we are working with a divider between associates and with correspondence being the way in to our prosperity issue will for the most part emerge on events. We have submitted questions on numerous events with similar outcomes â€Å"deal with it†. The most effective method to refer to Information Flow, Papers

Creations Over Consumer Goods

Creations Over Consumer Goods A pound of experiences is much more valuable than a pound of stuff. Don’t get me wrong, I still buy thingsâ€"I’m a minimalist, not a Luddite. But most of the things I purchase aren’t things  in the traditional sense. During my lotus-eating twenties, I spent much of my hard-earned moolah on material possessions: luxury cars, a massive house, expensive furniture, every new gadget available, expensive clothes, shoes, watches, collectiblesâ€"you name it, I probably had it. However, none of these things fulfilled me. The things I purchase today, though, are experience-laden creations, not material possessions. Instead of spending  money on consumer goods, I prefer to purchase experiential goods: music, books, movies, musical instruments, etc. While these  purchases  might come packaged in physical packaging, thats not what Im paying forâ€"the vehicle itself is  irrelevant; rather, Im paying to experience each creation. Creations enhance my life much more so than material possessions. My favorite activities today include playing guitar, walking while listening to music or podcasts, and reading new books (often using my phone’s Kindle app, which allows me to enjoy books in five-minute intervalsâ€"while standing in the checkout line, relaxing on park benches, or waiting in my dentist’s waiting room). I find value in experiencing  these things, not in the things  themselves: a Rolex will never buy you more time, but experience-based goods possess the potential to add value to your life, and, thus, to help you grow. So buy that fancy new wristwatch, if you must; I’ll be over here experiencing lifeâ€"growingâ€"not concerned with the time. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

A Positive Relation Between Organizations, Human...

Additionally, trust in organizations is a positive relation with behavior at the workplace and is connected with unions, human resources, and government interventions.Most government marketplace interventions have used the alternative treatment principle of triage to split those in pain into three groups : those who cannot be helped with the assets offered ,those who will recuperate (or at least continue ) without any help, and those who will improve only with instant assistance(Sastre,2010, chap.16).In some anxiety, managers have progressively advanced in training, structural behavior, and job improvement to help workers.In order that a company is productive a union, human resources, and government interventions must allow workers to change their habits, skills, values, beliefs, and attitudes in a workforce.This process will more likely take some hard work and years to process.They need to accept dissatisfactions and unpredicted consequences of solutions to difficult problems, and t he continuing power to work determinedly at improving the quality of help the workers receive. The federal government has intervened in the past and is still adjusting market outcomes.They are keeping up with the needs of workers. The Home Ower Loan Corporation, Continental Illinois in 1994, The Savings and Loan Crisis of the 1980s, and Brady bonds in 1989 are some government interventions which modify market outcomes. One of the lessons from these four instances of government intervention isShow MoreRelatedIntergovernmental Organizations and Non-Goverment Organizations, Questions and Answers749 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferences exist between IGOs and NGOs (e.g. how can you tell them apart)? Non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization of general interest and does not belong to the Government nor to an international institution. It does not prevent it from cooperating or receiving assistance and funding from governments, it was founded without active control of a national government and it is a not-for-profit organization and are involved in every major international issue. If the organization activities goRead MoreInternational Organizations And The International Organization Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages The international organizations plays a various roles that positively and negatively impact the global socio economic development of various nations. These are institutions that are set to uphold the values of certain agendas that are put out there for member nations to embark on in improving a nation’s socio economic development. Some of these agendas and charters do come with costs and these costs includes fines, punishments. It also has benefits, a benefit weaker and stronger nationsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The World Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmodel. 2.1.2 Corporate Social Responsibility in Bangladesh: CSR concept and practices in Bangladesh have a long history of philanthropic activities from time immemorial. These philanthropic activities included donations to different charitable organizations, poor people and religious institutions. Till now, most of the businesses in Bangladesh are family owned and first generation businesses. They are involved in community development work in the form of charity without having any definite policyRead MoreKenya And The Kenyan Police Force1674 Words   |  7 Pagespending in court due to lack of evidence by police officers over the arrested criminals. Consequently, this explains the negative perceptions by local communities against the police unprofessionalism, which create a significant information sharing gap between the police officers and the members of the community; thus, deterring the efficacy of de-radicalization initiatives. Secondly, Socio-Economic and Political Marginalization of Muslim Communities. Currently, Kenyan youths account for 70% of the totalRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : An Organization1521 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy and usage of knowledge about how individuals, people, as well as groups function in organizations (Luthans Yousseff, 2007). Using a systematic approach, organizational behavior interprets people/organization relations in terms of the groups, individuals, entire organization, and social system. The main objective of organizational behavior is to help find or develop better relationships by attaining human objectives, social objectives and ultimately organizational objectives. Leadership is theRead MoreOrganizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh1499 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives Elements of Organizational Behavior:- The organizationsRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Security Of The Virtual City Police Department1280 Words   |  6 Pagesofficers must rely more on technology and forensics than citizens to solve crimes and apprehend criminals. Introduction Police have been linked to citizens since the reform era redefined the nature of the relationship between police and citizens (Kelling, Moore, 1988). The new model demanded an impartial law officer who related professionally, neutrally, and in distant terms to citizens. Weaknesses in the model were displayed through a decentralized organizational structureRead MoreCharacteristics of 21st Century Hr1708 Words   |  7 Pagestradition personnel management to human resource management. With the evolution of human resource it has gained many strategies and has characteristics that help HR mangers to work effectively and efficiently. With the 21st century underway, nonprofit, government, and private organizations seek to adapt to an ever-changing professional environment. Within these organizations, human resources, HR, departments face particular challenges. Their role, human resources management, includes the hiring ofRead MoreState Owned Enterprise2217 Words   |  9 Pagesof â₠¬Ëœstate-owned enterprise’ (SOE) refers to fully state-funded firms and the ‘state-holding enterprises’ (SHE) is such that they are those firms whose majority shares belong to the government (World Bank, 2013). In China, SOEs are wholly or majority-owned by the Chinese central, provincial, county or municipal government. This broad definition of SOEs reflects privatization reform since the 1990s. China has stunningly triumphant for its transition from a command economy to a market-oriented economyRead MoreThe Prevention Of Natural Disasters1742 Words   |  7 Pagesrecover from adverse events—natural or human-made. Resilience underpins any approach to securing and sustaining human development (human development report. ) This paper discusses the background and significance of the community based risk reduction program developed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) society in 2006. It also describes the first pilot project implemented by SARC in 2007. Disasters, community vulnerability, development and risk reduction : Between late 199s and early 2000s, natural

Maori Art Essay - 754 Words

When looking at Maori art, there is one thing that sticks out amongst everything else with me, and with most likely everyone that sees it for the first time, this is their tattooing skills. They are equipped with many other art skills such as their carvings, weaponry, and townhouses, but the tattoos represent the tribe as a whole and are visible on the people themselves. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The art of tattoo was brought to New Zealand by the Polynesians when they migrated to New Zealand. Men of the tribe are more elaborately tattooed than the women. Their entire faces may be covered as opposed to the women who may only have certain parts of their faces covered such as their chins, cheeks, upper lips, and between the eyebrows.†¦show more content†¦Although these tattoos are significant to the Maori, some people may see these tattoos as a way of decorations for barbaric people. In society, we know face paint to symbolize war and hate such as the Indians on television. If one were to see the Maori, they would think that the Maori were either going to war or just returning from a battle. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The women receive their tattoos also through achievement and hereditary claim, but to a lesser extent. Examples of these are tattoos on the nose, which represent sevants, or tattoos on the back of the legs that represent that the woman has married outside of her tribe. Genital tattoos protect the woman and her children of future hereditary claim. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Meetinghouses were of great importance to all tribes across New Zealand. These houses were the symbol of the past for the tribe. They were the most elaborately decorated houses in the village. If another house were to be more beautiful, it would be an insult to the tribe. Here, the reflections of the tradition, spirit, and history could be seen in the carvings and elaborate designs in and around the house. The area in front of the meetinghouse was most important than even the house itself. Inside, carvings of figures of ancestors and gods told the story of the tribe and its history. The Maori gather here to mourn, celebrate, discuss family matters, or whatever the occasion.Show MoreRelatedDifference Between the Maori People and the Kiwis Culture of New Zealand791 Words   |  4 Pagesbut what separates them, are New Zealand’s bamboos, palm trees, long white beaches, spouting geysers and active volcanoes. For my assignment, I have chosen to research the difference between the Maori people- and the kiwi’s culture. For this, the history of these two people are relevant. The Maori ´s are Polynesian people who first settled in New Zealand. They developed their own distinct culture long before the European colonies arrived in late 1800 ´s. As claimed by storenorskeleksikon.no (snlRead MoreMaori Culture1839 Words   |  8 PagesMaori Case Study of Te Whanga Paemai: A place where whales and boats beach Business Heritage, Culture and Sustainability AMBH500 Assignment Three Tutor: Hemi Hoskins Student Name: Victor Chen ID Number: 11778342 Due Date: Thursday, November 18th, 2010 1. Discuss how the Te Whanga Paemai case study illustrates the significance and contribution of Maori culture to New Zealand business. Your answer should include references to relevant tikanga and its co-existence with law. Based on theRead MoreSocial Cultural Reality Theory in Action2545 Words   |  11 Pagesspeech of the 1998 ANZCA conference (Richards, 1999), Richards seeks to identify herself from both a Maori cultural and an academic standpoint, whilst weaving in the many social groups that have influenced her culture, including: * Two lines of tribal heritage * European ancestry * Catholic denomination * Upbringing by Anglican grandparents in a rural community * Education as a Maori woman * Academic position in a western learning institution. There is no one ‘culture’ (accordingRead MoreMaori Powhiri Process2186 Words   |  9 PagesThe powhiri process is known as the welcome process in inviting its manuhiri (visitors) into the marae (a gathering place of Maori). Throughout the ceremony, depending on the iwi, the ceremony goes through many processes. Each of the process bears an important meaning from determining the cause of visitation to remembering the dead; these processes are performed with great importance in the marae. These processes, though bearing the same name, vary for different gatherings. In the literature reviewRead MoreHermit in Paris by Italo Calvino772 Words   |  3 Pagesmy close relations. I had imagined the place to be dirty and filthy, but it wasn’t, it was just basic. I had imagined Rawhiti through early distant memories as well as what I thought I knew from media and movies of what remote coastal towns with a Maori population are like, I immediately pictured the movie Boy (20 10) as a similar setting to Rawhiti. I had a preconceived idea of what the community is like, part of that community through family, but not personally as I had been away from there all myRead MorePolyfest in Auckland666 Words   |  3 PagesThese are the Maori, Cook Island, Niue, Samoan and Tongan stages as well as a Diversity Stage where Fijians, Indian, Chinese and many more different cultures can showcase their art and performances. Along with stages, the new bigger area has made way for 100+ cultural food as well as many craft stalls. Products sold within craft stalls include jewellery, clothing, carvings as well as paintings all with a cultural theme. Each cultural area has their own types of stalls. For example, the Maori area hasRead MoreFormal and Informal Meetings, An Outline Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesyour own opinion (if not relevant) †¢ Future plan(what, how and by whom is to be done) ï  ¶ You must identify cultural requirement for planning and organizing meetings for your chosen organization and meeting situation for each of following: Ans: Maori: Maori call meetings Hui and these are these are structured according to a set of protocols known as tikanga and kawa (etiquette). These tikanga vary between Iwi (tribes), hapu (sub-tribes) and individual marae. Generally however, a Hui follow the followingRead MoreGordon Walters : Modernism, Biculturalism, And Cultural Appropriation1681 Words   |  7 Pagesand Cultural Appropriation The work of Gordon Walters emerges from a number of varying sources and influences. While works like Walters’ koru paintings are immediately recognizable through their usage of the Maori koru motif, Walters paintings also exist as a product of Modernist European art practices. To understand Walters’ intent regarding the utilization of this motif, one must first understand the different artistic sources informing the artist, and the implications of those sources and artisticRead MoreAn Assignment : Fine Art1804 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment One: Fine Art What influenced these paintings? Would these same messages translate through time if the paintings swapped places in history? Fine art is more than just paint on canvas. Historical events, social, educational and physical experiences of the artist season their work and influence the way the artist transcribes messages to the viewer, influencing their ability to receive those messages. Two oil paintings containing the same subject matter can be incredibly similar and yetRead MoreThe Arts : A Fundamental Element Of Ones Human Condition Essay2024 Words   |  9 PagesThe arts are a fundamental element of ones human condition as it provides a medium for the freedom of self-expression such as thoughts, ideas, beliefs and culture. Through this, worldviews are communicated and reflected. There is a natural necessity to create as it shares an insight into identity and culture (Wright, 2002).One who contributes, participates and views art, experience and demonstrate imagination, creativity, self-achievement, pride and pleasure. Through implementing arts into early

Youth obesity Free Essays

Game consoles, MacDonald’s, KFC, all companies that provide entertainment and fried foods for kids are the main causers of the growing number of children becoming obese. These companies are so prevalent on today’s youth’s lives that they make a profound impact on their health. With the rate that these companies are expanding worldwide, the rate at which children are becoming obese is bound to become even worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth obesity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every corner you go around especially in America you will find a fast food restaurant. This is the main reason why America has the highest youth obesity rate. During the past 30 years the percentage of obese children between the ages of 6 and 11 has tripled. It is amazing is it not all we have to do to change this is adjust our food intake and watch our daily activities so I ask of you to join me and change for the better of our own lives. There are three causes of youth obesity that stood out from the rest for me. These are poor nutrition, low self esteem and a less – active – youth. Eating healthy means taking a lot more time to prepare a meal and it costs more than a readymade, extremely fast, unwatched while being cooked and full of oil fast food meal. A lot of parents are not educated with what is right for their children to be eating. So they leave their children to enjoy what they like instead of having a balanced diet. Children’s self esteems lower when they are obese because of society’s influences on being thin. As they get more obese their social interactions with other youths decrease because of this influence. Now the low self esteem that develops leads to children no longer being around others thus making them become less active which helps to make children even more obese. A study performed by Research Triangle Institute International for the Centres of Disease Control in Washington, DC surveyed 986 parents on childhood obesity and prevention. The results were as follows 49.5% did not feel schools had the right to record children’s weights. 72.9% felt that schools needed to provide weight loss and exercise programs. 39.1% thought an increase on the tax of fast food was constructive. 42.31% favoured the standardization of food portions in restaurants. You must be thinking that to stop obesity means we just have to remove fat from our diets. But you would be wrong stopping obesity does not just mean removing fat from your diets. Usually when people remove fat from their diet they will increase their intake of sugar, high density carbohydrates, and starches. This means you are having a low protein and fat meal which often leave people feeling hungry which leads to them filling their stomachs as soon as possible with whatever they can find to eat. That is wrong. You need to have and stick to a balanced diet. Most of us eat 3 large meals, breakfast, lunch and supper. That too is wrong. You need to eat six small meals and your last meal should be eaten at least two hours before going to sleep to allow for you to burn all fat and energy from the meal. This information was given to me by an actual dietician from CFB. Coming back to the topic of game consoles and I would like to add into that topic television. The question is, is television a friend or foe of youth obesity is what I shall answer for you. Every hour a child sits and plays a video game or watches TV they may double their risk of becoming obese. Glenda Nichols, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Tarrant County College she stated in an interview that on average a child watches or plays a video games for 7.1 hours a day. That equals to 25,000 hours of being in front of a television by the time that they would be seniors in high school. That is extremely dangerous because children are guaranteeing their chances of becoming obese. Some long term effects of childhood obesity are high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes. These are all very dangerous for the human body. But these are just a few of the many associated problems. More problems associated with obesity are: 1. Diabetes 2. Hyperlipidemia 3. Blood circulation diseases like arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, and palsy 4. Skin disease 5. Joint problems, back, knee, and ankle pain 6. Liver disease 7. Cholelithiasis 8. Menstrual abnormalities 9. Female infertility 10. Breast cancer 11. Endometrium cancer 12. Decline in libido 13. Mental stress We all live in a society that sends out very strong messages about beauty and body weight. Girls are encouraged to constantly diet and exercise until they attain a fit, thin body. Boys are told to constantly work out and do whatever is necessary to attain a buff, muscular figure. Am I wrong? So come on let’s follow the messages society sends to all of us together. I ask all of you to not do it for me but to do it for yourself. You will not forget it especially in the long run. So come on let’s get healthy. How to cite Youth obesity, Papers

History of instant noodles free essay sample

History of Instant Noodles Instant noodles are dried precooked noodles fused with oil, usually eaten after being cooked or soaked in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes. A flavor packet is almost always included with a packet of instant noodles. The product may also be consumed raw from the packet, as the noodles are already cooked, usually by frying Instant noodles originate from instant versions of the Japanese dish ramen The idea of instant noodles can be traced back to the Chinese Qing Dynasty, when yimian noodles were deep-fried which allowed them to be stored for long periods and then prepared quickly. Similarly, Chicken Thread Noodles (deep-fried thin noodles served with boiling water and optionally an egg) were available in China and Taiwan since Qing Dynasty. Modern instant noodles were invented in Japan by businessman Momofuku Ando ( ), the founder of Nissin, one of the biggest manufacturers of instant noodles today. His noodles were boiled with flavouring, deep-fried with palm oil to remove moisture, and dried into a noodle cake. Other preservation methods have been tried, including preservation with salt and smoke, but Ando concluded that palm oil is the most efficient. In 1958, Nissin launched the worlds first instant noodle product, Chikin Ramen (chicken-flavored instant ramen) in Osaka. Another milestone was reached in 1971 when Nissin introduced the Cup Noodle, instant noodles in a waterproof styrofoam container that could be used to cook the noodles. Further innovations include adding dried vegetables to the cup, creating a complete instant soup dish. According to a Japanese poll in the year 2000, instant noodles were the most important Japanese invention of the century. Karaoke came second, with the compact disc only coming in fifth. As of 2002, approximately 65 billion servings of instant noodles are eaten worldwide every year. Instant noodles are not only popular with college students; they can also be an economic indicator. In 2005, the Mama Noodles Index was launched to reflect the sales of Mama noodles, the biggest manufacturer in Thailand. The index was steady since the recovery from the East Asian financial crisis, but sales jumped by around 15% in first seven months in 2005 on year-to-year basis, which was regarded as a sign of recession. People could not afford  more expensive foods, hence the increase in the purchase of ramen, as ramen is seen as an inferior good in Thailand. In the Nepali context, instant noodle was introduced in Nepal in late 1980’s with very low levels of popularity which was effectively addressed with aggressive marketing strategies. The instant noodle industry is today among the major industries of the country with an annual income of more than four hundred core rupees. Hi mshree Noodles (manufacturers of RARA) and Chaudhary Group (WAI WAI) played the biggest role in the success of instant noodles in Nepal. Currently, the instant noodles industry employs over 10,000 people. Present scenario of noodles industries in Nepal: Noodles have become a necessary item in the Nepali consumers shopping list. Although homemade noodles have long been there, it was only in 1984 that a major brand came into the picture. It was virtually a monopoly market for the noodle leader -Wai Wai, with an 80 per cent market share, while other brands formulated the rest of the noodle market until the year 2000 when two other brands from different companies were launched RumPum and Mayos. Ever since, there has been a mushrooming of various noodle brands. With more than 40 brands on the market hot plate, the industry is still growing. 1. Competition and price sensitivity: The intensity of the competition among the players can be gleaned from the fact that the price of the product has remained constant for a considerable period of time. Despite the heavy increase in costs price of flour, machinery, maintenance, labour and packaging, the price remains the same. While the consistency in price works in favour of the consumer, the profit margin for the producer has declined. The promotional campaigns of the noodle industry have further reduced the margin for the producer. The competition has now led the whole noodle industry to a sales volume generating market where only the big players can survive. No unique development has been made in the product quality so far, although it might me said that a few of the products come with unique differentiation the addition of vegetable cubes, flavoured seasoning and different foil packaging. Each of the companies has a number of products to offer ? snack noodles, white noodles, instant noodles and some others with a different seasoning to capture the market. Every company is in the quest of producing a different noodle brand, but only a handful have succeeded. Each of the companies has a different approach to marketing. While Mayos positions itself as the family noodle, Wai Wai is a noodle for all, Shaka-laka-boom is for the kids and so on. Promotional activities are not restricted to advertisements and trade only: the driving factor here is the consumer scheme. From every noodle packet placed on the retail shelf, a consumer hopes to win something. This new millennium has brought consumers more value to whatever they are paying for. Before this, only a couple of imported brands from India and Thailand offered bowls or spoons as an add-on value to the product. Domestic brands played the game with exchange offers a collection of wrappers got you a free gift. The year 2000 saw Rumpum launch the first ever scheme Bingo hungama closely followed by the market leader Wai Wai with mauka ma chauka, with both the noodles drawing higher sales. Mayos also dove into the pool with Say Ma Say Uphar. Since then none of the companies has dared to take off the schemes from the noodles. But the question is, can a scheme-driven brand build its image? Do activities generating sales contribute to the image-building process? Companies are investing heavily on consumer promotional activities whether it is at the distribution level or in their communication. If we evaluate the importance given to a brand name in any of the messages, we see how little attention is given to the brand name. The products scheme positioning differs from its brand positioning whereas it should have remained in alignment with any new promotional campaign. For example, the Wai Wai tag line suggests that it is â€Å"Hami Sabai ko Wai Wai (Our Wai Wai), but its latest scheme is gender-biased and says Wai Wai Hero. Thus, the main theme of the brand often gets diluted, brands are not being built, and the thrust is only on a time-bound campaign. Today the consumer is more concerned about the value addition of each brand, to the extent that packaging, color, nutritional values, date of manufacture and taste are sidelined. This means that the consumer cares less about the brand and is buying solely for the gifts offered. 2. Brand loyalty What Wai Wai was able to achieve with its brand before the offer war is something that will be hard to achieve in the present scenario. For example, no matter what another soft drink offers, a Coca Cola consumer will only drink Coke. The brand loyalty is so strong that the consumer feels proud to be a Coke consumer. Brand managers in the Nepali noodle market must wear their thinking caps because today a noodle is just a noodle SWOT analysis of Noodles industry. SWOT analysis is the exercise in which the organization identifies its strength (S) and weakness (W), and environmental opportunity (O) and threat (T). The firm identifies these through the process of environmental scanning. While scanning the external environment, the organizations try to identify both opportunities and threats confronting the firm. It obtains the data about economic, financial, political, legal, social, and competitive changes in the various markets that firm serves. External environmental scanning also yields data about external threats to the firm such as increasing competition, migration, policy of the government etc. In conducting the SWOT analysis, the organization internal environment i.e. , strength and weakness as well as the external environment i. e. , threat and opportunities should also be accessed which are discussed below: Strength: Strength is an inherent capacity, which an organization can use to gain strategic advantage. Organizational strength is skills, resources, and other advantages the firm possesses relative to its competitors. Potential strengths, which form the basis of a firm’s dis tinctive competence, might include managerial skills, efficient technology, well-known brand names, a good public image, and strong market shares. An example of strength is superior research and development so that the company can gain a strategic advantage. The strengths of the Noodles industry are: Quality of output and distribution network Better packaging like metal wrappers, its life can be prolonged by another 2-3 months. Different taste, price and targeted for different groups Market leaders like Chaudhary Group and Asian Thai foods make a routine exercise to replace date expired noodles with fresh ones from the shelves for domestic as well as foreign markets. (difference is in pricing , packaging and variety. Expired noodles are destroyed. Strict quality control is a priority with the market leaders. Effective supply chain management Weakness: A firm that is formulating strategic plan also needs to acknowledge its organizational weaknesses. A weakness is an inherent limitation or constraint, which creates strategic, disadvantages. These weaknesses reflect deficiencies or shortcomings in skills, resources, or other factors that hinder the firm’s competitiveness. They may include poor distribution networks, poor labor relations, lack of skilled managers, or lack of product development efforts. An example of a weakness is over dependence on single product line, which is potentially risky for a company in times of crisis. The weaknesses of the Noodles industry are: Lack of self owned technical requirements Rising manufacturing/building cost Opportunities: An Opportunity is favorable condition in the organizations environment, which enables it to consolidate and strengthen its position. An example of an opportunity is a growing demand for the product or services that a company provides. The opportunities of Noodles industry are: Brand awareness and quality consciousness among consumers International markets Exporting noodles to various countries like India, Bhutan, Hongkong, Qatar and U. K Threats: A threat is an unfavorable condition in the organizations environment, which creates a risk for the organization. An example of threat is the emergence of strong new competitors who are likely to offer stiff competition to existing companies in an industry. The Threats of the Noodles industry are: Government policies Political instability Unnecessary shortage of market Severe losses to the entrepreneur Misconception that the quality and the taste of almost all noodles are similar

Phobia Essays - Phobias, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder

Phobia Phobia What is phobia? Phobia is described as an extreme, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. It is also classified as a type of anxiety disorder, since anxiety is the chief symptom experienced by the sufferer. Phobias are thought to be learned emotional responses. It is generally held that phobias occur when fear produced by an original threatening situation that is transferred to other similar situations, with the original fear often repressed or forgotten. An excessive, unreasoning fear of water, for example, may be based on a forgotten childhood experience of almost drowning. The person accordingly tries to avoid that situation in the future, a response that, while reducing anxiety in the short term, reinforces the person's association of the situation with the onset of anxiety. In today's society, everyone suffers from some type of phobia. They would fall into one of three categories: Agoraphobia, Social phobia, or specific phobia. The first category, Agoraphobia, the person suffers from irrational anxiety about being in places from which might be difficult or embarrassing. How many times have you been in a situation that made you feel uncomfortable or that you really did not want to even go because you felt under the weather? This shows that you might have this type of phobia. Social phobia is an irrational anxiety elicited by exposure to certain types of social or performance situations, also leading to avoidance behavior. Many people, in the world today, suffer from this phobia. Public speaking is the leading fear in today's society. People will go to the high extremes to get out of a speech or an event where they are the center of attention. How many times have you been nervous about giving a speech in front of your class? The last category is specific phobia. This phobia is a persistent and irrational fear in the presence of some specific stimulus which commonly elicits avoidance of that stimulus, i.e., withdrawal. This category also has many subtypes which include animal type, natural type, blood- injection- injury type, situational type, and other type. Some examples of these phobias would be: situational type is induced by a specific situation, such as public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying, driving, or enclosed spaces. Another example would be other types. This is caused by such actions as choking, vomiting, or contracting an illness. It is easy to see that you could fit into one of those categories. In retrospect, there is a phobia for almost everything in the world today. Phobias can interfere with everyday normal activity and they cause you to be unable to concentrate and work or in some cases even function. English Essays

Political theories of Hobbes and Locke essays

Political theories of Hobbes and Locke essays The Political Theories of Hobbes and Locke In the sixteenth century, the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority, whose is absolute, God or man? Should the state have power over its subjects or the subjects over the state? Soon after the theory of sovereignty and the theory of social contract were developed, but even these still drew debate. Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes political theories have been influential ever since they were first developed in the late seventeenth century. During this time there was an outpouring of political ideas, Locke and Hobbess theories stand out. Their theories are both psychologically insightful, but in nature, they are drastically different. Although they lived in the same time frame, their ideas were derived from different events happening during this time. Hobbes drew his ideas on man from observation, during a time of civil strife in Europe during the 1640s and 1650s. Locke drew his ideas from a time where Hobbes did not have the chance to observe, the glorious revolution. At the time of the exclusion crisis in England, Hobbes was either dying or dead. These two time periods are very influential in the development of these two mens ideas. As you will see, Hobbes developed a pessimistic view on man from his dreary and bleak surroundings while Locke developed an optimistic outlook on man from his eventful and promising times. Thomas Hobbess greatest work was Leviathan. In this Hobbes stated that people by nature are selfish and ambitious. He concluded that the only way to restrain mans natural aggression is by implementing an absolute power, whose main objective is to keep his subjects in line. In this form of government, the subject surrender all rights to the state so that it is best equipped to keep peace any way necessary. This idea is essential for the transition from mans nat...

Case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study - Research Paper Example Aims of the faculty member involve issues relating to distance, ethical considerations in practice and application of evidence based nursing professional standards in internet technology. One of the learner objectives in introducing the technology is to develop, among students, the ability to bridge distance as a barrier to nursing practice as demonstrating the technology’s application will inform students of facilitated online communication. Another learner objective of the technology’s inclusion in the course curriculum is to promote ethics in practice through exposing the students to technological application and its involved ethical environment. Inclusion of the technological application also aims at equipping students with ability to implement evidence based nursing professional standards in internet simulation strategy. Research findings by Rush et al support the ability of technology to facilitate learning and to bridge distance barrier (2008). The first learning objective, to facilitate the students’ ability to bridge distance barrier, can be evaluated through asking the students questions about what they have learnt. This evaluation can be achieved through direct questions after learning sessions or through designed questionnaires. Responses exhibits students understanding of taught concepts and are an indicator that they can apply the concepts in real life (Morris, 2011). The goal to promote professional ethics among learners can be evaluated by â€Å"direct observation† (Morris, 2011, p. 150). This method can be achieved through observing students’ demonstration of a real life application of the technology and its involved ethics (Morris, 2011). Written examinations can however be used to evaluate the objective of developing students’ ability to implement evidence based nursing professional standards in internet simulation strategy. Subjecting the students to similar

Motivation in the Work Place Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation in the Work Place - Dissertation Example This essay's main focus is motivation in the workplace. Motivation has gained importance in the competitive business environment following globalization, liberalization and internationalization. In addition, new technologies have compelled companies to develop the ability to respond to the fast-changing business environment. Businesses work in an intensely competitive environment where employees play a crucial role in the survival and growth of an organization. Organizations recognize the value of human capital and the importance of retaining employees and motivating the work force. Employees’ willingness to work is determined by the motivation they have towards the work. Low motivation among employees can lead to high levels of attrition thereby impacting performance. There has to be a psychological force within the people that arouses their interest, directs their attention and leads them to work persistently and insistently so that they can achieve their intended goals. The refore, it is not just the effort of the organizational managers that impact performance but it is the employees that control how much they are willing to exert. Factors that motivate employees, has been a subject of research for decades and this has resulted in several theories governing motivation. However, few studies deal with how motivation affects employee performance at workplace. The researcher intends to review literature focused on different theories of motivation and on how motivation affects employee performance at workplace.

The Disadvantages Of Watching Television Media Essay

The Disadvantages Of Watching Television Media Essay This article talks about the disadvantages of watching television and the reality television shows, in this article the author is trying to say that there are a lot of disadvantages of watching television. There are many of disadvantages they are: it makes the person who is watching to increase heaviness because of always sitting in front of the television not doing anything else. Second it makes you misuse your time, as instead of not making a very useful things and habits or even sports you keep stuck to watching and this makes you devastate a lot of time. Third , it promotes compliance as when teenagers of children are watching these reality television it makes them stay and dont encourage them to have a purpose in their life so it encourages passivity. The author aim in this article is to deliver and focus on the disadvantages of television. He addresses the message to especially teens and children and this source is very useful in the research. In this article the Jillian karger is talking about the effects of the reality television shows on people. She says that it has a lot of effects, some of these effects are that the improbable outlook that people would believe that life is so vivid and that life should be full of performance and that is not in the real life so, this is improbable opportunity. Also, the lack of isolation that the people are in this reality TV has no privacy everyone is watching so there is nothing private everything is shown on television. Also, there is diversion as when the people watch these reality shows they feel that all what they see in these reality shows are reality and after that they dont want to live the real life they are living as it is not like the life they are seeing in these reality shows. It also, makes you wish bad luck others. The purpose of the article is to make the audience know the effects of watching these reality television shows on the teens and all the people watching these reality television shows. The author is addressing the teens and the children because they are the most sectors of people in the society who are watching these reality television shows so the author is trying to make them know that there are a lot of effects of watching reality shows. B. Slocum, Charles. The Real History of Reality TV. Wga. 25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author says when and where and how the first reality television started and who were the people watching it mainly the author in this article is giving a historical background for the reality television as the people who are interested in the issue of reality television, the author is providing them with information to know more about this issue. The author said that when reality television first started it was captured with cameras and it started first people loved it very much and they were enjoying watching these reality television shows and that there were a lot of people who were loving to watch these shows. After that, these shoes were developed until they are seen as today in the television and there are a lot of people who are really very interested in these shows nowadays. The author in this article is delivering the message to all the person the author is trying to make the people who are reading this article get informational background. In this article the author purpose is to make people know more information about this issue. Reality Television Introduction. Enotes. 25 Feb. 2010 The article is talking about introduction to reality television and some of the historical back ground about the reality television. The article is talking about what is reality television and why it started and why is people interested in it. What really makes people very interested and entertained when watching these reality television shows may be they are having fun when they are seeing people in their daily life and how they face challenges and live in their own life and can begin a new life and make challenges and be very successful. This maybe giving them experience in their lives. In the article the purpose is to make the audience just think whether the reality television is good and worth watching or not. Also, to know these shows what is the benefit from watching them and spending a lot of time in front of the television just watching people leading day by day in their life? The author is addressing the message to all the people. The Reality TV Controversies.Case Studies.25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author tries to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the reality television as to make the audience know what are the pros and cons of reality television. the author says that reality television has lots of disadvantages as first it has no privacy as people who are in these reality shows everyone is watching them and their steps as if they are in public so there is no privacy for them , also it makes people who are in this reality television really ashamed as everyone is watching them and every step they are making. The author didnt forget also to talk about the advantages of reality television he said that may be this reality television gives the audience some experience from the daily life challenges and people they are watching how leading their daily life challenges, I can also makes them gain some entertainment and time of fun as it makes them some how happy from watching these reality shows. the purpose of this article is that the author want to deli ver the message of that there are a lot of pros and cons for reality television. He delivers the message to especially the teens who are addicted to watching these reality shows. Ethics and Reality TV.Atheism. 25 Feb. 2010 in the article the author is trying to ask a very important question , this question is should people watch these reality television shows or not . some people think that watching these reality shows is really important to get entertainment and to get experience from the challenges and live of people they are watching and that will make them better and know how to take right decisions in their lives and to think right. Others think that it is just very bad shows as they make people humiliated and feeling bad and they think that this makes also people watching make bad habits like wishing bad luck to some people. All of these reasons makes the author raise this question to the audience just to make them think of the issue in a very serious way to watch these shows or not and to know the advantages and disadvantages of it , the good and the bad points to be able to know the pros and con of this issue . the author is addressing his article to the teens. Sears, Alan. Whats real about Reality TV?New socialist. 25 Feb. 2010 In this article the author says that Reality TV is a type that combines basics of talk show, game show, vulgar pseudo-anthropology and pro wrestling. It traces the actions of non-actors placed in various situations facing set challenges. The success of Survivor played a big role in initiation the genre in North America. It was popular enough to make voted off the island a part of our everyday language. The success of Reality TV was driven first by commercial considerations. What makes these shows popular to producers is in part the same process of reorganization to force up proceeds that we are considering in all kinds of workplaces. It involves the use of new technology and work restructuring to deskill the workforce and valve into cheaper work sources. Reality TV is very cheap to make, requiring fewer writers and actors than customary indoctrination while making use of incomplete sets and fixed cameras for at least some of the action. It is a big profit centre for the networks, whi ch are facing increased opposition in the digital age. The purpose of the author in this article is that to know the introduction of reality television and he discuss the introduction of reality television. He addresses all the people In the society. Reality TV Gives Contestants a New Reason  to Smile.Perio. 25 Feb. 2010 In addition to treating the periodontal disease, the patients smile may also get better. This is significant because a smile is often one of the first things people notice about another person. When examination people on television be given a whole change, its clear that the look of the persons smile can greatly influence their self-worth. I see this in my perform everyday. Now that Americans are living longer, superficial operation has become more popular. spoken artificial operation has also felt this trend as it has knowledgeable a important shift toward cosmetic-related surgery to help improve the smile. Excessive gum tissue can create a gummy smile, but the periodontist can perform a crown expansion process to remove excess gum tissue and expose an ideal smile. on the other hand, a persons teeth may appear too long if their gums have receded or shrink. This can often be corrected with soft tissue graft events. Dental implants, an artificial tooth root placed into the jaw to hold a replacement tooth or bridge can be used to replace missing teeth. Wieczorek, mark. Reality TV Faked? So What?Markzilla. 25 Feb. 2010 Apparently talk shows and reality television are some how the same s reality television is that these reality television and talk shows has a lot of advantages and disadvantages as these can make people make smile and make them happy and also it can make them gain money and these reality television shows will be a negative points of views as there will be a lack of privacy as what will be made on the television will not all be real and there will be a lck of privacy.

Entire Course Essay

PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet PSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and Personality PSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation Your second year of college is the perfect time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a freshman, you will not have enough experience to make a difference as a member of the student government. Instead, spend your freshman year developing your political stance and figuring out how your school’s government runs. In this document of PSY 103 Entire Course you will find the next files: PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder Outline.doc PSY 103 Bipolar Disorder.ppt PSY 103 Learning Experience paper week 2 Psychology class.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience-Z.doc PSY 103 Learning Experience.doc PSY 103 Lifespan Development and Personality.doc PSY 103 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet.doc PSY 103 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet.doc Psychology – General Psychology PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet †¦ To download this tutorial follow the link – https://bitly.com/1oJK58F Your second year of college is the perfect time to join the SGA (Student Government Association). As a freshman, you will not have enough experience to make a difference as a member of the student government. Instead, spend your freshman year developing your political stance and figuring out how your school’s government runs. Psychology – General Psychology PSY 103 Week 1 Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet PSY 103 Week 2 Learning Experience PSY 103 Week 3 Bipolar Disorder Outline PSY 103 Week 3 Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet PSY 103 Week 4 Lifespan Development and Personality PSY 103 Week 5 Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation

What Is Fermentation in Chemistry

Fermentation is a process used to produce wine, beer, yogurt and other products. Heres a look at the chemical process that occurs during fermentation. Fermentation Definition Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. For example, yeast performs fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol. Bacteria perform fermentation, converting carbohydrates into lactic acid. The study of fermentation is called zymology. History of Fermentation The term ferment comes from the Latin word fervere, which means to boil. Fermentation was described by late 14th century alchemists, but not in the modern sense. The chemical process of fermentation became a subject of scientific investigation about the year 1600. Hulton Deutsch/Contributor/Getty Images Fermentation is a natural process. People applied fermentation to make products such as wine, mead, cheese, and beer long before the biochemical process was understood. In the 1850s and 1860s, Louis Pasteur became the first zymurgist or scientist to study fermentation when he demonstrated fermentation was caused by living cells. However, Pasteur was unsuccessful in his attempts to extract the enzyme responsible for fermentation from yeast cells. In 1897, German chemist Eduard Buechner ground yeast, extracted fluid from them, and found the liquid could ferment a sugar solution. Buechners experiment is considered the beginning of the science of biochemistry, earning him the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Examples of Products Formed by Fermentation Most people are aware of food and beverages that are fermentation products, but may not realize many important industrial products results from fermentation. BeerWineYogurtCheeseCertain sour foods containing lactic acid, including sauerkraut, kimchi, and pepperoniBread leavening by yeastSewage treatmentSome industrial alcohol production, such as for biofuelsHydrogen gas Ethanol Fermentation Yeast and certain bacteria perform ethanol fermentation where pyruvate (from glucose metabolism) is broken into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The net chemical equation for the production of ethanol from glucose is: C6H12O6 (glucose) → 2 C2H5OH (ethanol) 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide) Ethanol fermentation has used the production of beer, wine, and bread. Its worth noting that fermentation in the presence of high levels of pectin results in the production of small amounts of methanol, which is toxic when consumed. Lactic Acid Fermentation The pyruvate molecules from glucose metabolism (glycolysis) may be fermented into lactic acid. Lactic acid fermentation is used to convert lactose into lactic acid in yogurt production. It also occurs in animal muscles when the tissue requires energy at a faster rate than oxygen can be supplied. The next equation for lactic acid production from glucose is: C6H12O6 (glucose) → 2 CH3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid) The production of lactic acid from lactose and water may be summarized as: C12H22O11 (lactose) H2O (water) → 4 CH3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid) Hydrogen and Methane Gas Production The process of fermentation may yield hydrogen gas and methane gas. Methanogenic archaea undergo a disproportionation reaction in which one electron is transferred from a carbonyl of a carboxylic acid group to a methyl group of acetic acid to yield methane and carbon dioxide gas. Many types of fermentation yield hydrogen gas. The product may be used by the organism to regenerate NAD from NADH. Hydrogen gas may be used as a substrate by sulfate reducers and methanogens. Humans experience hydrogen gas production from intestinal bacteria, producing flatus. Fermentation Facts Fermentation is an anaerobic process, meaning it does not require oxygen in order to occur. However, even when oxygen is abundant, yeast cells prefer fermentation to aerobic respiration, provided a sufficient supply of sugar is available.Fermentation occurs in the digestive system of humans and other animals.In a rare medical condition called gut fermentation syndrome or auto-brewery syndrome, fermentation in the human digestive tract leads to intoxication by ethanol production.Fermentation occurs in human muscle cells. Muscles can expend ATP faster than oxygen can be supplied. In this situation, ATP is produced by glycolysis, which does not use oxygen.Although fermentation is a common pathway, it is not the only method used by organisms to obtain energy anaerobically. Some systems use sulfate as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Sources Hui, Y. H. (2004). Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing. New York: M. Dekker. p. 180. ISBN 0-8247-4301-6.Klein, Donald W.; Lansing M.; Harley, John (2006). Microbiology (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-255678-0.Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2003). Life, the Science of Biology (7th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-0-7167-9856-9.Steinkraus, Keith (2018). Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 9781351442510.